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Język Polski
Writing in the shadow of death: manuscript of Rabbi Szapira's "Sermons from the Years of Rage" from a psychological and phenomenological perspective
Daniel Reiser
daniel.reiser@mail.huji.ac.il Author BiographyDaniel Reiser is the Chair of the Department of Jewish Thought at the Hertzog College and senior lecturer at Department of Religious and Spiritual Studies in Zefat Academic College. He received his PhD in Jewish Studies at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and was an adjunct lecturer there in the Department of Jewish Thought at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Reiser specializes in Kabbalah, Hasidic philosophy, modern Mysticism, and theology in the Shoah. He is the author of several books and numerous articles published in Hebrew, English and Polish. His book Vision as a Mirror: Imagery Techniques in Twentieth Century Jewish Mysticism ( in Hebrew, 2014) was awarded The World Union of Jewish Studies Matanel Prize for the best book in Jewish Thought published during the two years 2013-2014. He reads in Hebrew and Yiddish; published a critical and annotated two-volume edition of Rabbi Shapira’s Sermons during the Holocaust that had been found in Jewish Historical Institute; and series of articles on Hasidic sermons in Yiddish.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1536-6681
Herzog and Zefat Academic Colleges
Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, No. 15 (2019), Pages: 62-90
Submission Date: 2020-08-13Publication Date: 2019-12-20
https://doi.org/10.32927/ZZSiM.2020.15.5
Abstract
Philological examination of the manuscript “sermons from the years of rage,” shows that the sermons were produced layer by layer, one proof succeeding another. Initial proofing appears in the body of the manuscript text; words are deleted by being crossed out, and added words and sentences are placed atop existing or deleted words. Further proofing is done by adding arrows to indicate supplemental text in the margins of the page. The graphic layout of the manuscript, in addition to the content, points to an exceptional psychological phenomenon. Many comments were written on the margins of the manuscript at the end of 1942, when it was already clear to the author that his chances of survival were diminishing, and that Polish Jewry would be annihilated. In such a situation, making changes in text, layer over layer, and often minor changes (male-female, singular-plural, etc.), all in parallel to the bitter reality outside – is an extraordinary human phenomenon. A person knows he is going to die, he has already lost his entire family, and what does he do? Corrections and editing his sermons! Moreover, this is done while there is no certainty that the sermons will be found in the future and that they will ever be published. Such a recording is an evidence of life with two extremes – on the one hand, death that destroys everything, and on the other hand, a literary creation – a new life. This paper examines Rabbi Shapira’s Ghetto writings in light of psychological and phenomenological models developed by Ernest Becker, Viktor Frankl, Lev Shestov and more, putting Rabbi Shapira’s scholarship in a universal human and not just Jewish context.
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